Bachelor Thesis

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A convenient location for an inner urban freight terminal
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2023-05-19) Khangal Lkhagvasuren; Dorjsundui Gombokhurts; Galsandamdin Ganbold
This thesis seeks to identify an optimal location for an inner urban freight terminal, prioritizing operational efficiency and mitigating urban impacts. It conducts a comprehensive analysis of factors crucial to the selection process. The study evaluates transportation infrastructure, including road networks and proximity to major hubs, ensuring accessibility and connectivity. Zoning regulations are examined to comply with land use policies. Proximity to customers and markets is considered to optimize delivery routes and minimize costs. Environmental impact is assessed, targeting air and noise pollution, traffic congestion, and sustainable practices. Adequate infrastructure and facilities, such as land availability and utilities, are evaluated. Collaborative opportunities with stakeholders are explored to enhance operations. Future growth and expansion potential are also accounted for, examining economic trends and development plans. By analyzing transportation infrastructure, zoning regulations, customer proximity, environmental impact, infrastructure, collaboration, and future growth, this thesis aims to identify a convenient location for an inner urban freight terminal.
A gis-based methodology for green roof design in a densely built-up area in ulaanbaatar, mongolia
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Nandin-Erdene Saranbaatar; Uuganbaatar Zulkhuu; Gantuya Ganbat
Ulaanbaatar has the highest population density in Mongolia. Consequently, for the past few decades, the massive movement of people to the city led to unplanned urbanization.
Agile methodology in Mongolian Telecommunication Sector
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2024-05-10) Tegshjargal Nemekhbat; Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar; Altanchimeg Galsandash
Due to market rivalry, rising customer expectations, and technological improvements, Mongolia's telecommunications industry has grown and advanced significantly in recent years. Telecommunications firms are constantly looking for new and creative ways to improve their services, stay ahead of the competition, and streamline their processes in order to effectively navigate this ever-changing terrain. Agile approaches are becoming widely used by businesses as a revolutionary framework to improve their project management practices and address the issues they encounter.
Analysis of Coal Combustion By-Products (CCBs) in Mongolia in Consideration of the Characteristics to be suitable for Backfilling and Securing of abandoned Small Scale Coal Mines
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2019-05-07) Khangai Gerelsukh; Baasandorj Myagmarsuren; Temuulen Purevdorj; Peter Vossen; Martin Knippertz
The research aimed to evaluate the possibility to use CCBs and industrial wastes for backfilling material for underground mines. Hundreds of thousand tons of CCBs in Mongolia is being landfilled despite its economical and beneficial properties. Following tests and analyses were made to evaluate CCBs and industrial wastes: sieve analysis, SEM analysis, radioactivity detection, moisture content analysis, XRF chemical content analysis, uniaxial compression test, elution test and FTIR analysis. Total of 9 CCBs and 1 electric-arc furnace slag from 7 different location/plant have been evaluated to represent Mongolian CCBs. Backfill mix designs were designed to compare the materials and to choose the best suited material for backfilling purpose. During the research, fly ash from the thermal plant #4 and ger district bottom ash had been proven as a suitable material for backfilling while other material can be utilized but, other binder additives such as portland cement must be used. Any of the evaluated materials in this research are investigated not being harmful to environment and to human health. Fly ash and ger district ash are the most common CCBs in Mongolia. More than 200 thousand tons of fly ash and another 200-230 thousand tons of ger district bottom ash are being generated annually.
Analyzing the structural integrity and performance of the safety railings(guardrail) system on the Nalaikh-Ulaanbaatar road
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2024-05-10) Dashdavaa Tuvshintur; Sungchil Lee; Odbileg Norovrinchen
Road traffic accidents along the Nalaikh-Ulaanbaatar road have raised significant concerns about the safety measures in place, particularly the effectiveness of the safety railings. This thesis explores the structural integrity and performance of these railings with an aim to enhance road safety and mitigate accident severity. Through a combination of field assessments, consultations with local authorities and road safety experts, and a thorough literature review on global safety railing standards, this research evaluates the current railings' condition and their compliance with safety norms. The findings indicate that while the railings meet certain Mongolian national standards, they are inadequate in terms of reducing the impacts of road accidents due to deficiencies in design, maintenance, and material resilience. Consequently, this study proposes a set of improvements, incorporating advanced international practices in safety railing design and stricter maintenance schedules. These enhancements are intended to provide robust support in preventing vehicles from veering off the road, ultimately leading to a safer commuting experience along this vital artery. The recommendations put forth by this thesis are expected to contribute significantly to the national discourse on road safety improvements and set a precedent for future infrastructure projects in Mongolia.
Arsenic monitoring in nalaikh’s surface waters particular “bus nuur” lake
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2018-05-31) Sainsanaa Amarsanaa; Ariuntuya Tserendorj; Daniel Karthe
Nalaikh is located in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, known for illegal mining activity. Earlier investigations concerned mining land disturbance and pointed on air, soil and importantly water. Which revealed in unexpected arsenic, which is a highly toxic element, exposure in the Bus Lake. The research is aimed to find seasonal and weather changes of the Bus Lake characteristics and indicating level of toxicity.
Assessment of air quality improvements in ulaanbaatar's ger areas after the introduction of improved briquette coal
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2021-05-28) Luvsanravjaa Buujav; Gantuya Ganbat; Khulan Tsermaa
The Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar has been listed most polluted city in the world by the World Health Organization (WHO). The main reason is that during the winter months, most of it is caused by small coal and wood-fired stoves used for heating and cooking in Ger (Traditional yurts) districts. By considering these issues Mongolian Government took a series of actions to reduce air pollution, and one of them was the implementation of improved briquette coal beginning on May 15, 2019.
Assessment of heavy metal contamination in soils near tanneries in Ulaanbaatar, mongolia, and options for remediation
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2024-05-10) Mandukhai Manaljav; Oyunbat Purevsuren; Martin Knippertz; Gantuya Ganbat
Heavy metals are well-known environmental pollutants due to their toxicity, longevity in the atmosphere, and ability to accumulate. Though heavy metals naturally occur in the environment and are vital in biochemical and physiological functions for living organisms, high concentrations cause environmental pollution and have negative effects on the environment and human health. The introduction of contaminants in the soil may result in damage to or loss of some or several functions of soils and possible cross contamination of water. The contamination of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems with toxic heavy metals is a major environmental concern that has direct and indirect consequences for public health.
Assessment of Land Use effects on Tuul River surface water Quantity and Quality
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Bolorchimeg Turkhuu; Ariuntuya Tserendorj; Byambakhuu Ishgaldan
The Tuul river basin is a unique region in that it covers only 3.2% of Mongolian territory, but 48% of Mongolian total population lives in Ulaanbaatar. Also, 66.5% of the Mongolian total GDP was produced within this river basin in 2020. Land-use changes due to the expansion of urbanization can pose a threat to downstream ecosystems of the Tuul river, particularly soil and water quality, leading to an increase in surface runoff and nutrient loads. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the impacts of land-use and land cover changes in discharge and water quality in the upper part of the Tuul river basin between 2010 and 2019. Land use/land cover changes, digital elevation model, soil, and meteorological data were used as an input data for the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) to simulate streamflow and water quality. The model’s performance was determined by statistical parameters including Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient (NSE), correlation coefficient (r), and percentage bias (PBIAS). Furthermore, prediction uncertainty was measured using the p-factor and r-factor. The values of NSE (0.56 and 0.66) and r (0.77 and 0.82) for calibration and validation periods at a daily time scale showed that the SWAT model could be used to simulate the discharge. The results of calibrated model showed the increase in surface runoff, and loads of nitrate and phosphorus due to rapid urbanization in the Tuul river basin. The outcomes of the study can be useful in understanding water management strategies and making more appropriate land management decisions and practices.
Assessment of Potential Material Reprocessing of Erdenet Mine Tailings
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2020-06-07) Azjargal Sengedorj; Munkhjargal Chimeddorj; Battsengel Baatar
The objective of this study is to define possible ways to reprocessing Erdenet mine tailings with potential metal recovery. These tailings have relatively high copper and molybdenum concentration (e.g. tailings III has Cu: 0.2-0.5%, Mo: 0.1-0.2% content), some of which are concerned as reusable deposits. But the measured concentration of metals does not have a homogeneous population over the whole tailings due to settling of the materials, reclamation of process water and drying of the materials, etc. The tailing facility is one of the largest in the world with a total area of 18.6 km2. Over 40 years of history of Erdenet processing plant, the tailing has been collected in the tailing dam and now becomes the biggest resource for research. The surface samples were taken from 5 different areas with various depths. Furthermore, physical analysis (Size distribution analysis) and chemical analysis (X-ray Fluorescence element analysis) were done. Based on physical and chemical characteristics, the possible applicable method to reprocessing tailing was investigated. As a result of this study, the possibility of using Erdenet Mine tailings has subjected to technical and economic considerations.
Assessment of soil erosion and geomorphological mapping in and around Baganuur using satellite-based data
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-26) Bilguundalai Batkhuyag; Martin Knippertz; Enkhjargal Sodnomdarjaa
Satellite photography and remote sensing in general are becoming more important not only in the environmental sciences, but also in other fields such as economics, engineering, politics, archeology, and so on. As a result, this thesis will use satellite imagery and remote sensing to investigate erosion and geomorphology in the remote area of Baganuur, which houses one of Mongolia's largest open cast coal mines. The mine supplies a significant amount of coal to Ulaanbaatar's main thermal power plants, and while past examinations have revealed a link between the mine and pollution, most of the studies were conducted within the mine and not outside of it. In
Assessment of ulaanbaatar air quality based on monitoring stations data
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2018-08-10) Anu-Ujin Sarantuya; Lodoysamba Sereeter; Guyen Battuvshin
This thesis assesses the air pollution data from twelve monitoring stations in Ulaanbaatar (UB). The measurements cover major six pollutants including Particulate Matters (PM10- all particles <10 µm and PM2.5- all particles <2.5 µm), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Ozone (O3). The data obtained from open-source database named OpenAQ. Briefly, there are overall 15 monitoring stations in Ulaanbaatar, but 12 of them are connected to the OpenAQ source and each station’s data collected by 30-minutes range.
Assessment of wind energy resources of Mongolia
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Naranzul Bayasgalan; Gantuya Ganbat; Odontungalag Dorjsuren
This study assessed the wind energy potential in Mongolia by analyzing wind speed data collected from 69 stations across the country. The data was categorized by region and analyzed using the Weibull distribution to determine the monthly mean wind speed and wind power density. Additionally, the study evaluated the potential reductions in the usage of CO2, water, and coal that could be achieved through the selection of wind turbines. To visualize the results, maps of wind power density and mean wind speed were created using a GIS program. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the potential of wind energy as a sustainable and environmentally-friendly energy source in Mongolia. Wind speed data were collected from 69 Wind Measurement Towers (WMTs) over the course of one year. The WMTs recorded wind speed measurements every three hours throughout the day at a height of 10 meters. The Gobi areas and east Mongolia have potential wind speed to build wind farms compared to Khangai and West Mongolia.
Automation of coal briquette-fuel fired stove for gers
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Enkhmanlai Khuyagbaatar; Odbileg Norovrenchin; Sungchil Lee
Over the past few decades, there has been a consistent growth in the use of stoves for heating in a traditional Mongolian house, so called Ger. The main objective of this research is to implement automation of the existing stove in technical and environmental perspectives and to minimize human manual activities when they use the coal briquette fuel stove.
Bachelor Thesis Resource Management in Electromobility: Case Study on Copper
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2020-06-07) Zayabolor Batkhuu; Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar; Matthias Wichmann
Electromobility is expanding in a rapid pace as it was considered a potential solution to reducing environmental pollution and oil shortage issues. Every type of electric mobility, such as Battery Electric Vehicles, Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles, Hybrid Electric Vehicles rely on critical mineral resources heavily. Raw materials such as lithium, cobalt, copper, rare earth elements are crucial to the production of electric vehicles. Copper is one of the priority elements that are essential to electromobility technology. While copper is used throughout electric vehicles, charging stations and supporting infrastructure because of the metal’s durability, high conductivity, and efficiency, it has the largest impact on the environment regarding CO2 loading. This study shows various scenarios of the electric mobility technology types and forecast of future electric mobility demand worldwide by 2030 to estimate the demand of copper that is associated with electric mobility. Bass diffusion model which is used to predict the demand of newly introduced products was chosen as our main prediction tool. An analogous prediction of variables in the Bass diffusion model. In total, in year 2030, total demand for copper for electric mobility in general (all three types of vehicles) under the pessimistic, neutral, optimistic scenarios are 5Mt, 10Mt, 20Mt respectively. It is obvious that there are no temporary shortages that will be occurred because of the lack of resources, but the production supply might face excess demand or shortage.
Beneficiation and Flowsheet Development of a Tumurtei iron ore: A Case Study
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Enkhtuul Gantumur; Thomas Hollenberg
This case study is performed to investigate the optimum process route to produce iron ore fine with the content of more than 62% Fe and dry concentrate with the content of more than 58% Fe from the iron ore from the Tumurtei mine, using “Wet low-intensity magnetic separation” and Dry Low-Intensity Magnetic separation, respectively.
Beneficiation of Titanium Ores by Froth Flotation
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2021-05-25) Bat-Ochir Battumur; Munkhjargal Chimeddorj; Battsengel Baatar
In this thesis paper, the possibility of extracting titanium dioxide concentrate is examined on the deposit recently discovered in Mongolia. According to the drill core test performed by Aachen University, the deposit contains a considerable amount of leucoxene, which is the weathered product of ilmenite. In the past, many scientists studied how to improve the poor efficiency of conventional ilmenite collectors. Consequently, the use of lead and cupric ion activators and mixed flotation showed noticeable improvement in ilmenite floatability. Moreover, the pre-removal of magnetite from the titanium ore is proven to be a practical arrangement to achieve higher recovery in flotation. Based on these studies, the scheme for enriching titanium dioxide concentrate from the titanium ore sample is developed.
Beneficiation Study of Titanium Ore from a selected site in Mongolia
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2020-06-08) Byeryekgul Myezimkhan; Battsengel Baatar; Munkhjargal Chimeddorj
Within the scope of this bachelor's thesis, the possibilities of enriching titanium minerals from recently discovered Mongolian titanium deposits are investigated. The deposit is estimated 500 million tons, and it has the potential to become 1 billion tons; therefore, it is considered a strategical deposit of Mongolia (from the project report). For this purpose, from the outcrops at the site representative, drilling core samples were delivered to our university. These samples have subjected to mineralogical and chemical analyzes after size reduction, classification, and enriching processes.
Big data processing on software and tools
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2024-05-27) Sarnai Tugsbayar; Myagmarjav Bold; Battulga Nasanshargal
This bachelor thesis explores the broad field of processing large volumes of big data, focusing on understanding what big data is, the challenges it poses, its benefits, and how it is used across different areas. It delves into the importance of handling data effectively and the necessary tools and software for this task. Real-life examples are examined to show how these tools help solve complex problems and drive innovation in various industries. Additionally, the thesis briefly investigates big data in Mongolia, looking at the types of data commonly found in Mongolian industries and suggesting ways to use the right software and tools to gain useful insights. By exploring how big data processing applies to the Mongolian industry, the study aims to highlight the significance of utilizing large datasets to stimulate growth and innovation in the modern ever-changing digital world.
Bioleaching of Sulfide Ores by a Pure Culture of Acidithiobacillus Thiooxidans
(German Mongolian Institute for Resouce and Technology, 2022-05-16) Anand Oyunbat; Ariuntuya; T. Hollenberg; Munkhzaya
Throughout the world, the reserves of metal ore deposits are dwindling, research into the extraction of metals from low grade deposits are becoming increasingly important. Low concentrations of Cu, Fe were analyzed in the Oyu Tolgoi Southwest deposit’s Phase 4B ore, which is unsuitable to be extracted through flotation method. Bacterial cells have been shown to be capable of converting metals form solid to liquid phase in the bioleaching process. Particle size, pH, and pulp density are the most significant characteristics in bioleaching; thus, we focused our research on improving the solid-liquid phase ratio. The microorganisms Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans, both acidophilic and mesophilic, were used in this study. AAS analysis was used to determine the metal recovery in the leachate, while the residual metal concentrations in the insoluble form were determined through calculations. The solid-liquid phase ratios of 1:2, 1:4, 1:6 was investigated. The maximum Cu (0.5%) was observed at solid liquid phase ratio of 1:6, according to atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS) data.

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