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ASSESSMENT OF CLIMATE AND VEGETATION CHANGES IN SOME AREAS OF THE MONGOLIAN PLATEAU USING SATELLITE DATA
(GMIT, 2025) URANGOO Baasandorj; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Gantuya Ganbat; 2 nd Supervisor: MSc. Nandin-Erdene Geserbaatar
The Mongolian Plateau is one of Central Asia's most climatically sensitive regions, where ecological changes driven by temperature rise, precipitation variability, and land-use pressure pose growing challenges for environmental sustainability. This study investigates long-term changes in vegetation and climate across three representative plateau regions, including the southern desert, the eastern steppe, and the northern forest-steppe, using satellite-derived data
from MODIS sensors (NDVI, LST, and ET) from 2000 to 2024. Data processing and analysis were conducted using Google Earth Engine and QGIS, applying normalization, standardization (Z-score), and weighted integration through the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). A regional vegetation–climate response type classification was developed, dividing each study area into four types based on environmental conditions and interannual variability. Which are:
● Type I: high NDVI, low LST and ET, with low changes
● Type II: low NDVI, high LST and ET, with low changes
● Type III: high NDVI, low LST and ET, with great changes
● Type IV: low NDVI, high LST and ET, with great changes
In Umnugovi Province and neighboring areas of Inner Mongolia, Type I and Type IV accounted for 18.9% and 37.4% of the total area, respectively. In eastern Mongolia (Dornod and adjacent settlements), Type I and Type IV covered 28.8% and 34.0%, respectively. The northern regions (Selenge and Darkhan) exhibited smaller proportions of these types, with 5.0% for Type I and 19.3% for Type IV. These classifications highlight the spatial heterogeneity in vegetation-climate responses under changing climatic conditions and emphasize the value of remote sensing data in informing regional environmental management, land-use policy, and climate adaptation strategies, particularly in mining-affected landscapes
Design of the Fire Extinguishing System for Electric Vehicles
(GMIT, 2025) Maral Enkhbold; Supervisor 1: Prof. Ph.D. Sungchil Lee; Supervisor 2: Prof. Dr. Youngsuk Kim
As mankind develops social life, everyone is interested in urban life. This term urban
Life is simply to be near innovations and technologies by living in a dense city.
With demand for technologies increasing globally, the adoption of more environmentally friendly and
economical friendly technology is more likely to be chosen.
This thesis will focus on the risk hazard of both traditional Internal Combustion
Vehicles and lately developed Electric Vehicles. This thesis investigates the primary
causes and characteristics of EV fire incidents, emphasizing why, despite lower incident
rates compared to internal combustion vehicles, battery fires demand specialized
suppression systems due to their prolonged burn time, risk of re-ignition, and emission
of toxic gases.
Through analysis and comparison between existing fire extinguishing systems,
cherry-pick the advantageous and efficient factors. This system design is guided by
environmental conditions in Mongolia, focusing on parking standards and arena
DESIGN OF PROTOTYPE INDOOR SMART FARM FOR MONGOLIAN HOUSEHOLD
(GMIT, 2025) JAVKHLAN Munkhjargal; 1 𝑠𝑡 Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. SUNGCHIL Lee; 2 𝑛𝑑Supervisor: M.E. MYAGMARJAV Bold
This thesis presents the design, integration, and validation of a sensor-based indoor
smart farming prototype utilizing an Arduino R4 Wi-Fi microcontroller, aimed at enabling
efficient, small-scale agricultural automation within constrained household environments
in Mongolia. The prototype integrates several key components, including a soil moisture
sensor, LDR (Light Dependent Resistor), DHT22 (temperature and humidity sensor) (1),
BH1750 (ambient light sensor) (2), UV LED for supplemental plant lighting, and a mini
pump controlled by a relay module, all managed through an Arduino R4 Wi-Fi
microcontroller (3).
A custom web application was developed to enable real-time environmental monitoring,
device control, and system management from remote locations. This application
provides users with up-to-date data on soil moisture, light intensity, temperature, and
humidity, while also offering manual control options for lighting and irrigation.
In the future, the system is designed to be extended with additional modules such as a
fan system for active temperature control and gas sensors (e.g., CO sensors) (4) to
monitor air quality, ensuring an even healthier environment for plant growth. Other
planned extensions include integrating a water flow sensor and more advanced
automation features.
Overall, this research successfully demonstrates a flexible, modular, and practical
prototype for indoor smart farming, offering significant potential to support sustainable
agricultural practices for Mongolian households
Direct Utilization of Solar and Wind Energy in Thermal Energy Storage Systems to Enhance Power-to-Heat Conversion in the GMIT campus
(GMIT, 2025) NOMUNDARI Bat-Erdene; 1 st Supervisor: Mr. Bold Enkhbold; 2 nd Supervisor: Mr. Nikita Abramov
This thesis investigates the feasibility and effectiveness of renewable-based heating
systems on the German-Mongolian Institute for Resources and Technology (GMIT)
campus in Nalaikh, Mongolia. With long, severe winters and rising energy demands due
to campus expansion, maintaining thermal comfort in an energy-efficient and sustainable
way has become a key challenge. This study compares three configurations: a fully
renewable system using solar thermal and wind energy, a hybrid system combining
renewables with limited conventional backup, and the existing traditional system
powered entirely by coal-based centralized heating. Through detailed analysis of campus
heating bills, climate data, energy simulations, and cost modeling, the study
demonstrates that a hybrid solar-wind system offers the best balance of economic,
technical, and environmental performance. It reduces long-term heating costs,
significantly lowers emissions, and ensures system reliability. A fully renewable system,
while environmentally superior, remains cost-prohibitive without external funding. The
findings suggest that transitioning to a hybrid renewable heating model, supported by
wind power and thermal energy storage, is a viable and scalable pathway toward energy
sustainability for cold-climate institutions.
EVALUATING THE CONDITION OF THE SUBSTATION’S GROUNDING GRID WITH ITS RELATION TO CORROSION
(GMIT, 2025) Enkhbileg Ganzorig; 1st supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Ariunbolor Purvee; 2st supervisor: Dorjsuren Yandagsuren
This thesis evaluates the condition of the grounding systems in the substations of the Erdenet Mining Corporation. The research involved assessing soil resistivity, measuring corrosion of the grounding grid, and determining grounding resistance across 13 substations operating at various voltage levels. The analysis revealed critical insights into the state of the grounding equipment, corrosion rates, and the environmental factors affecting the system.
Most substations exhibited grounding resistance values within the permissible limits defined by international and Mongolian standards. However, certain substations, like TSRP-2 and TSRP-3, exhibited significant mechanical damage due to corrosion, necessitating immediate intervention. Ampacity calculations demonstrated diverse requirements for conductor sizing, ranging from 3.5 kA to 14 kA, with the TSRP-1 substation showing the highest short-circuit current ampacity.
The findings from this study offer valuable recommendations for ensuring safety, enhancing grounding system reliability, and improving corrosion protection measures at the Erdenet Mining Corporation's substations. The results underscore the importance of periodic inspections and targeted interventions to maintain optimal grounding conditions.