GMIT eLibrary

This bachelor's thesis presents the design and implementation of a low-cost, mechatronics-based smart home automation system tailored for a double room apartment in Mongolia. Motivated by advances in IoT, embedded systems, and the need For energy-efficient living environments, the project employs an ESP32-WROOM microcontroller as the central controller, interfaced with environmental sensors (DHT22, MQ-7, LDR, KY-037 sound sensor, ACS712 current sensor) and actuators (4-channel relay module, AC dimmer, L298N motor driver for curtains and fans, and a buzzer). The system’s firmware—developed in the Arduino IDE—implements real-time sensor polling, decision-making logic, and cloud connectivity via Sinric Pro for voice-assistant control and Node-RED/Blynk for mobile/web dashboards. Due to hardware constraints, a KY-037 sound sensor replaced a PIR module for light control, and a timed automatic shutdown was introduced to mitigate relay sticking under high loads. The prototype was systematically tested in a dormitory kitchen, achieving a 45 % reduction in idle energy consumption compared to a non-automated baseline. Voice commands like “Turn on kitchen light,” and remote toggling via mobile apps demonstrated reliable responsiveness. A comparative analysis with commercial solutions (e.g., Control4-based and Siemens-backed platforms by Moncable LLC and Digital Power LLC shows that the custom system delivers core automation features at under 10 % of the cost, highlighting its suitability for resource-constrained settings. Key contributions include a modular hardware and firmware architecture, integration of phase-angle dimming, real-time energy metering, and multi-modal control interfaces. The work confirms the hypothesis that an ESP32-driven automation system can provide energy-efficient, user-friendly smart home functionality in developingcountry contexts. Recommendations for future research encompass improved sensing (PIR or camera-based occupancy detection), solid-state switching, mesh networking, and AI-based predictive control.

Item

EXPLORING CARBON OFFSETTING IN MONGOLIA’S MINING SECTOR: OPPORTUNITIES AND INTEGRATION INTO GLOBAL MARKETS:

(GMIT, 2025) Ganduulga Gantumur; Prof.Dr. Bolormaa Purevjav; Prof.Dr. Fredrich Thiessen

This thesis explores the potential of carbon offsetting within Mongolia’s mining sector, focusing on two major companies: Oyu Tolgoi (OT) and Erdenes Tavan Tolgoi (ETT). As the mining sector is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in Mongolia, implementing carbon offsetting strategies is seen as a viable option to mitigate its environmental impact while potentially engaging with global carbon markets. This research aims to assess the feasibility of carbon offset projects, including renewable energy, methane capture, afforestation, and reforestation, for both companies. The research is based entirely on secondary data collected from published reports, company documents, government publications, and academic papers. The analysis primarily involves document analysis to extract relevant information regarding the emissions profiles of OT and ETT, as well as their current and potential carbon offset initiatives. Emissions data, such as those reported in the companies' annual environmental reports, were used to model the potential for carbon offset generation. In addition, financial viability was assessed using Marginal Abatement Cost (MAC) analysis, comparing the cost of reducing emissions to the potential revenues from carbon credits. The findings indicate that OT has a higher level of institutional readiness for carbon market integration, with ongoing renewable energy projects and established emissions reporting processes. In contrast, ETT, while having a higher potential for carbon offset generation, faces challenges such as the lack of verified emissions data and limited internal monitoring and verification (MRV) systems. Both companies, however, show significant potential for generating carbon credits through methane capture, reforestation, and renewable energy initiatives. If integrated into international carbon markets, these projects could provide both environmental and financial benefits for the companies. This study highlights the need for strengthening institutional capacity, developing robust MRV systems, and creating clear regulatory frameworks to enable Mongolia’s mining sector to effectively participate in carbon offsetting and carbon trading schemes. It also provides valuable insights into the economic feasibility of carbon offset projects and their potential role in Mongolia’s transition to a low-carbon economy

Item

THE ROLE OF SUSTAINABILITY IN ENGINEERING PROJECT MANAGEMENT

(GMIT, 2025) Munkhtur Uurtsaikh; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Bolormaa Purevjav; 2 nd Supervisor: Mr. Battseren Batmunkh