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Item APPLICATION OF SEED ZONE MAPPING IN MONGOLIA: A CASE STUDY FOR MINE REHABILITATION;(GMIT, 2026-06-20) Nomin-Erdene G.; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Gantuya Ganbat; 2 nd Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Yong Ho LeeLand degradation from mining activities represents a critical environmental challenge in Mongolia, where the lack of a systematic framework for native plant material selection has limited the effectiveness of mine rehabilitation. This study addresses this gap by developing the first comprehensive GIS-based seed zone map for Mongolia, delineating 44 discrete seed zones through the integration of natural vegetation zones, plant hardiness zones derived from January minimum temperature, and precipitation zones derived from long-term annual precipitation data. The delineation followed a hierarchical, ecoregion-first approach implemented in ArcMap 10.8, with statistical validation performed using PERMANOVA, pairwise environmental distance matrix analysis, and Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA). PERMANOVA results confirmed statistically significant environmental differentiation among the six ecoregion groups (F = 4.808, R² = 0.388, p = 0.001), with LDA accounting for 72.8% of between-group variation along the first discriminant axis. The framework was applied to the Energy Resource LLC (Ukhaa Khudag coal mine) in Umnugovi province as a case study. The mine was identified within seed zone MZ7 (Dundgovi Desert zone, H5, Semi-dry), and evaluation of current practices revealed that distant seed sourcing introduces a measurable risk of maladaptation. Native species such as Haloxylon ammodendron and Caragana spp. were identified as the most ecologically suitable for MZ7 conditions. The developed framework provides a scientifically grounded spatial decision-support tool for guiding seed sourcing in mine rehabilitation and ecological restoration across Mongolia.Item Collaborative GIS for sustainable waste management: the case of Ulaanbaatar in 3R4UB(Federico II University Press fedOA Press, 2025-01-01) Francesco Stefano Sammarco, Gaia Daldanise, Fabio Maria Esposito, Gantuya Ganbat, Gabriella Esposito De Vita, Marina RigilloThe paper is included in the international project “The 3Rs for a sustainable use of natural resources in Ulaanbaatar - 3R4UB”, which develops an innovative method to enhance collaboration between citizens and public authorities in sustainable waste management. Ulaanbaatar (UB), the capital of Mongolia, faces serious challenges due to rapid urbanisation and fragmented planning that lacks tools to integrate social, environmental, and infrastructural dynamics. The city is divided into three areas: the planned city (Soviet legacy), the spontaneous city (the informal settlements of the “gher”), and the city in transition (between planned and spontaneous city). The research proposes the “Ulaanbaatar Spatial Sustainable Waste Management” (UBSWM) approach, which includes spatialising data and information based on GIS tools. The combination of quantitative data (e.g., the number of infrastructures and waste streams) and qualitative data (photographic reportage and awareness-raising strategies in schools) facilitated a multi-scalar narrative of urban dynamics, enhancing the cultural diversity of UB. The results obtained, including an open-access platform on ArcGIS StoryMaps, offer a replicable model to address the challenges of sustainable waste management in similar urban contexts, promoting collaborative planning of more sustainable and equitable public spaces. The study is guided by the research question: How can a spatial and collaborative GIS-based approach support circular and sustainable waste management in transitional urban contexts such as Ulaanbaatar?