DESIGN OF LITHIUM BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)

Abstract

This thesis presents the design and prototyping of a low-cost Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium-ion cells using an Arduino Uno platform. The project focuses on implementing essential BMS functions, including voltage, current, and temperature monitoring, along with fault detection for overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. Readings are acquired through affordable and widely available sensors and processed in real-time to flag unsafe operating states. A physical prototype was assembled on a breadboard using modular components such as voltage dividers, ACS712 current sensors, and DS18B20 temperature sensors. Charging was handled by a TP4056 module, and monitored parameters were displayed via the Serial Monitor. Additionally, a MATLAB-based thermal simulation was conducted to validate safe temperature behavior during operation. While full charge-discharge testing was not performed, the system logic and component integration were verified through controlled simulations and code-based validation. The results confirm that a simple, expandable BMS can be constructed using low-cost hardware and embedded software. This work lays the foundation for future improvements such as automatic cutoff, multi-cell support, and wireless monitoring.