Bachelor Thesis
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Item Design and Simulation of a Regenerative Braking System for Small Electric Vehicles(GMIT, 2025) Sumiyadorj Rentsennorov; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Sungchil Lee; 2 nd Supervisor: Ph.D. Kim Young SukSmall electric vehicles (SEVs), such as e-scooters and e-bikes, are becoming increasingly important for sustainable urban transport. However, their limited battery capacity significantly constrains range and usability, particularly in cities like Ulaanbaatar, where cold weather and limited charging infrastructure further exacerbate these issues. This thesis investigates the design, simulation, and prototype testing of a regenerative braking system (RBS) specifically tailored for lightweight SEVs, to improve energy efficiency through kinetic energy recovery during deceleration. The research begins with an exploration of the historical development and theoretical principles behind regenerative braking, including electromagnetic induction, Lenz’s Law, and energy conservation. A simulation model was developed in MATLAB/Simulink to replicate a realistic SEV drivetrain using a 12V brushed DC motor, an H-bridge inverter, a lithium-ion battery, and a control logic system for modulating torque. Simulations were performed under both regenerative and non-regenerative scenarios. The results showed that when braking was applied, the system recovered approximately 4.48 joules of energy from 38.87 joules consumed, achieving an energy recovery efficiency of 11.52%. In contrast, the coasting scenario confirmed zero energy recovery, highlighting the effectiveness of controlled regenerative braking. To validate the simulation, a hardware prototype was built using an Arduino Uno, L298N motor driver, ACS712 (1) current sensor, and a 14.8V 2800mAh battery pack. The prototype ran a similar 10-second drive-brake cycle, with real-time current and power readings collected to calculate energy use and recovery. While the simulation demonstrated ideal regenerative behavior, the physical system was limited by the L298N’s unidirectional current flow, allowing only dynamic braking but not true regeneration. Nevertheless, the prototype showed measurable reverse current during braking and achieved a recovery efficiency of 8.76%, confirming the system’s potential with improved hardware. This work concludes that regenerative braking can offer tangible energy savings in SEVs and provides a foundational model for implementing RBS in low-cost, micro-mobility systems. Future improvements, such as upgrading the motor driver to a bidirectional regenerative controller and integrating supercapacitor storage, are recommended to maximize energy recovery and system performance.Item INTEGRATING FLOOD MITIGATION AND GROUNDWATER RECHARGE IN WATER SCARCE MINING AREA OF SOUTHERN GOBI MONGOLIA(GMIT, 2025) TUGULDUR Bat-itgelt; 1 st Supervisor: Dr. Ariuntuya Tserendorj; 2 nd Supervisor: Dr. Alireza ArabThe Gobi region of Mongolia, characterized by its arid climate and lack of natural groundwater recharge, is increasingly facing intense flash flood events due to climate change. Despite being a dryland, the area experiences short-duration, high-intensity rainfall events that generate destructive runoff. Compounding this challenge, the region’s mineral abundance is driving rapid growth in water demand, particularly for mining activities. Groundwater remains the sole water source, yet it is unsustainably extracted without natural replenishment. This thesis investigates a nature-based solution: harvesting flash floodwater to support groundwater sustainability through managed infiltration. A Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) approach integrated with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was applied using nine thematic layers (slope, soil type, land use, lithology, drainage density, lineament density, rainfall, groundwater depth, and runoff potential) to identify suitable zones for floodwater infiltration across a 1,600 km² study area. The Rational Method was employed to estimate the volume of runoff generated during a 5-year return period rainfall event. The analysis revealed that 35.04 km² (approximately 2%) of the total area is highly suitable for infiltration structures. Within this area, an estimated 1,013,256.86 m³ of floodwater can be harvested and redirected into aquifers per event. The findings support the strategic implementation of infiltration-based structures such as retention basins and recharge ponds to mitigate flood damage and enhance groundwater sustainability in climate-vulnerable, water-scarce mining regions.Item Investigation of Non-Chemical Methods for Wool Scouring Industrial Wastewater Treatment(GMIT, 2025) Narangua Khongorzul; 1 st Supervisor: Dr. Ariuntuya. Ts; 2 nd Supervisor: Mr. Baasandorj. MThis study investigates non-chemical technologies for treating wastewater from Mongolia’s cashmere and wool scouring industry. The treatment process consisted of three stages: primary clarification using an Imhoff cone, electrocoagulation using different electrode materials, and filtration with natural zeolite. The Imhoff cone removed approximately 50% of total suspended solids (TSS), reducing concentrations from about 1500 mg/L to 370 mg/L, showing effective pre-treatment through simple sedimentation. Electrocoagulation was carried out using three electrode types: Al–Al, Cu–Al, and Fe–Al. Among them, the Cu–Al electrode achieved the highest organic matter removal, reducing COD from 1789.67 mg/L to 23.2 mg/L and BOD₅ from 614 mg/L to 5.0 mg/L, thus meeting the MNS 6561:2024 Mongolian wastewater discharge standard. The Al–Al electrodes were most efficient for solid removal, while Fe–Al electrodes offered a balanced performance in reducing both organics and solids. In the final stage, natural zeolite filtration was used with 2 mm and 10 mm particle sizes. The 2 mm zeolite provided better COD removal (24.99% after 24 hours), although overall filtration performance was limited and not sufficient as a standalone treatment. The findings indicate that the combined process, especially Cu–Al electrocoagulation followed by zeolite filtration, is a cost-effective, low-maintenance, and promising method for treating wool scouring wastewater. To confirm scalability and long-term effectiveness, pilot-scale testing in real factory conditions is recommended.Item MARKET ANALYSIS OF COKING COAL PLANT: ERDENES TAVANTOLGOI JSC CASE STUDY(GMIT, 2025) GANTSETSEG Zorigt; Supervisor 1: Mr.DORJSUNDUI Gombokhurts; Supervisor 2: Mr.NYAMDAVAA DashdelegThis thesis assesses the market feasibility and strategic competitiveness of the proposed coking coal plant by Erdenes TavanTolgoi JSC (ETT), a major state-owned coal producer in Mongolia. The study analyzes global and regional coking coal demand trends, with a particular focus on China—ETT’s primary target market—and on emerging prospects in Japan and South Korea. Utilizing a combination of market research, scenario forecasting, and strategic risk analysis, the thesis evaluates ETT’s product quality, logistical advantages, competitive positioning, and long-term sustainability. The findings indicate that while global demand for coking coal is expected to peak in the mid-2021s and gradually decline, Asian markets will continue to provide short- to medium-term export opportunities. ETT’s coke blend complies with China’s Class II specifications and benefits from low-cost overland transport to inland steel hubs. Strategic analysis shows that ETT can strengthen its market position by leveraging infrastructure advantages, enhancing risk management practices, and diversifying exports to maintain competitiveness. The study concludes that the planned coke plant is economically viable and can support Mongolia’s broader goals of industrial diversification and value-added export development.Item MINERALS CRITICAL FOR MONGOLIA’S DEVELOPMENT: A SUGGESTION FOR CRITERIA:(GMIT, 2025) Enkhjin Enkhtur; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar; 2 nd Supervisor: Mr. Mendbayar MelschoMongolia is known as a resource-rich country and lacks a structured, proper methodology for identifying and prioritizing critical minerals essential for its long-term economic development and industrial development. With the global green energy transition, the demand for key minerals such as lithium, cobalt, nickel, and rare earth elements is increasing due to their essential role in clean energy technologies. Developed countries are already securing their access to critical minerals, increasing competition in global markets by developing structured methodologies for classifying critical minerals based on economic importance, supply chain risks, and technological relevance. Meanwhile, Mongolia still lacks a systematic approach and risks missing strategic opportunities without a clear national policy to define and manage these minerals. This absence of policy and strategy clarity not only limits economic benefits but also hinders Mongolia’s ability to integrate into international supply chains, attract investment, and maximize the value of its mineral resources. Furthermore, this thesis work’s methodology is literature-based and reviews the methodology, experiences of the countries & their further works related to critical minerals by research and literature. This research addresses this gap by analysing existing approaches and proposing criteria that specifically fit Mongolia’s unique economic conditions, which aligns with the strategy of Mongolia’s development. Key factors such as economic security, industrial diversification, and sustainability are incorporated into the proposed classification criteriaItem A LITERATURE REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF ATTACHMENT STYLES ON ACHIEVEMENT MOTIVATION AND THE BALANCE OF CHALLENGES AND THREATS AMONG JUNIOR WORKERS:(GMIT, 2025) Iveeltbayar Ganbat; 1st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Enkhzaya Chuluunbaatar; 2nd Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Sungchil LeeItem DESIGN AND APPLICATION OF VISION-BASED ASSISTIVE ROBOTIC ARM FOR MATERIAL HANDLING IN INDUSTRIAL ENVIRONMENTS(GMIT, 2025) MERGENBAATAR Mandalsaikhan; 1 st Supervisor: Ph.D. Young Suk Kim; 2 nd Supervisor: M.Eng. Myagmarjav BoldThis thesis presents the design, implementation, and evaluation of a vision-guided assistive robotic arm system developed entirely in simulation using CoppeliaSim. Aimed at material-handling tasks in industrial environments, the system leverages classical image processing techniques, specifically blob detection and inverse kinematics, to perform real-time object localization and adaptive grasping. The robotic arm, modeled with five degrees of freedom and a dynamically actuated gripper, is guided by a ceiling-mounted vision sensor. Using Lua scripting and simIK-based control, the robot autonomously detects a cylindrical object, computes its pose, and executes a pick-and-place operation. Mechanical improvements to the gripper and tip alignment corrections were introduced to enhance grasp reliability. The system’s kinematic accuracy was validated using MATLAB, applying the Product of Exponentials formulation and comparing predicted and simulated end-effector orientations. Experimental results in simulation demonstrated a 100% grasp success rate post-modification, sub-centimeter placement error, and minimal deviation in predicted Euler angles. The system’s modular architecture, use of open-source tools, and demonstrated performance highlight its potential for low-cost prototyping and educational applications. Recommendations for future work include integrating closed-loop feedback, expanding object diversity, and bridging the simulation-to-reality gap through physical prototyping.Item Simulation and Optimization of Column Leaching Processes for Oxidized Zinc Ore(GMIT, 2025) Munkhzul Bilegt; Supervisor 1 / M.Sc Baasandorj.M; Supervisor 2 / M.Sc Dorjsundui.GItem FRAMEWORK FOR IMPLEMENTING UNMANNED HAULAGE TRUCK IN OPEN PIT MINE(GMIT, 2025) DULGUUN Battulga; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Sungchil Lee; 2 nd Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Young Suk KimThe use of autonomous trucks can significantly enhance the operational efficiency, sustainability, and safety of both small and large open-pit mines. Automation protects workers from accidents and unhealthy environments while also improving their efficiency and productivity. Autonomous trucks offer many advantages over manually operated trucks, providing a more comfortable and safer working environment for workers and creating greater economic efficiency for companies in the long term. Although autonomous trucks travel at slightly slower speeds than Manual trucks, they are more productive because they eliminate the need for shift changes and lunch breaks. They also increase fuel efficiency by reducing idle time, saving approximately 0.06 liters of fuel per tonne hauled, and improving utilization rates by 10–13%. While these figures may not seem significant at first glance, they result in substantial savings over the long term. However, implementing an automated system requires time, a large amount of capital cost, and potential challenges, such as worker concerns about job security, which must be carefully managed. For the successful deployment of autonomous dump trucks, several factors must be considered, with infrastructure and safety being the most critical. For example, mine roads should be designed without sharp turns or steep slopes, as the vehicle's sensor system may misinterpret sharp changes and cause accidents. Additionally, if a person or vehicle without a radio frequency identification RFID) tag enters the automated zone, there is a heightened risk of collision and serious accidents. Therefore, autonomous vehicle zones must strictly adhere to ISO road standards, and unauthorized persons and vehicles must be strictly prohibited from entering the automated sections of the mine. It also includes information on factors influencing fuel consumption in automotive performance, such as road gradient, adhesion and friction coefficients, wind resistance, and methods for calculating appropriate gear selection on slopes. Additionally, identifying the most relevant data for this type of research proved to be a significant challenge.Item DESIGN OF LITHIUM BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (BMS)(GMIT, 2025) Jargal Gurbadam; 1 st Supervisor: Prof. Ph.D. Odbileg Norovrenchin; 2 nd Supervisor: M.A. Oyunbileg ShirendevThis thesis presents the design and prototyping of a low-cost Battery Management System (BMS) for lithium-ion cells using an Arduino Uno platform. The project focuses on implementing essential BMS functions, including voltage, current, and temperature monitoring, along with fault detection for overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overtemperature conditions. Readings are acquired through affordable and widely available sensors and processed in real-time to flag unsafe operating states. A physical prototype was assembled on a breadboard using modular components such as voltage dividers, ACS712 current sensors, and DS18B20 temperature sensors. Charging was handled by a TP4056 module, and monitored parameters were displayed via the Serial Monitor. Additionally, a MATLAB-based thermal simulation was conducted to validate safe temperature behavior during operation. While full charge-discharge testing was not performed, the system logic and component integration were verified through controlled simulations and code-based validation. The results confirm that a simple, expandable BMS can be constructed using low-cost hardware and embedded software. This work lays the foundation for future improvements such as automatic cutoff, multi-cell support, and wireless monitoring.