Ariuntuya TserendorByambakhuu IshgaldanBolorchimeg Turkhuu2025-10-052022https://gmitlibrary.net/handle/123456789/79The Tuul river basin is a unique region in that it covers only 3.2% of Mongolian territory, but 48% of Mongolian total population lives in Ulaanbaatar. Also, 66.5% of the Mongolian total GDP was produced within this river basin in 2020. Land-use changes due to the expansion of urbanization can pose a threat to downstream ecosystems of the Tuul river, particularly soil and water quality, leading to an increase in surface runoff and nutrient loads.enThesis